Mwala wachilengedwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga amakono chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, kukongola, kukana kuvala komanso kukana dzimbiri.Ndizovuta komanso zongopeka pakuwongolera khalidwe lauinjiniya kulabadira zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zamtundu wamba wachilengedwe, kuwongolera kwake komanso kukonza ukadaulo wa zomangamanga.
Zowonongeka zamtundu wamba ndi zomwe zimayambitsa ukadaulo womanga wa Dali mwala
1.1 kubowola kwa khoma la nsangalabwi
Kumbali inayi, marble ali ndi CaCO3 ndi mitundu yambiri ya mchere ndi zonyansa zina.Mphepo yanthawi yayitali, chisanu, mvula, chipale chofewa ndi dzuwa zipangitsa kuti zisinthe komanso kuzimiririka.
Pamene CaCO3 mu nsangalabwi ikumana ndi zidulo mu mlengalenga, mankhwala zimachitika, kupanga madzi sungunuka gypsum, amene amapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake kukhala wosasunthika ndi rough, kumabweretsa kung'ambika ndi kugwa.
1.2 chophatikizira cha mbale sichiwongoka, ndipo mawonekedwe a mbaleyo siwosalala
Zifukwa zazikulu ndi zosayenera chithandizo cha maziko kapena masanjidwewo, m'dera concave ndi otukukira pansi pamwamba;mbale zomalizidwa sizinasankhidwe mosamalitsa, zokhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu, mawonekedwe olakwika, ming'alu, kuipitsa ndi kuwonongeka;palibe chiwerengero cha msonkhano woyeserera musanayambe kukhazikitsa ndi kumanga;mkulu wosanjikiza grouting kutalika;kutsata kolakwika komanga, ndi zina.
1.3 kusweka kwa miyala ya nsangalabwi
Chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti pamene bolodi la marble litayikidwa pakhoma lakunja kapena pafupi ndi malo onyowa monga khitchini ndi chimbudzi, kuyikapo kumakhala kovuta, kugwedeza kwa gulu la bolodi sikuli kolimba, mpweya wotsekemera ndi wonyowa umalowa mkati. gulu olowa, zomwe zimapangitsa zitsulo cholumikizira dzimbiri ndi kukulitsa, ndi nsangalabwi bolodi ming'alu pansi mapindikidwe kukankha;
Pamene mtundu wa njere mdima olowa kapena zina zobisika zofooka za nsangalabwi slab, chifukwa cha nkhawa ndende chifukwa cha structural kukhazikikamo, ofooka mbali mwala wosweka;pamene pamwamba ndi vertically pasted, pamwamba ndi m'munsi mipata ndi ang'onoang'ono, kapangidwe ndi woponderezedwa ndi opunduka, ndi mbale ndi losweka ndi kuthamanga ofukula.
1.4 Kuwonongeka kwa miyala ya marble
Zifukwa zazikulu ndizovuta za kasamalidwe ka malo, ntchito yosayenera poyendetsa mbale, kusungirako ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, etc.;matope otsalawo sanachotsedwe nthawi yomweyo pomanga;ntchito yoteteza malo omangayo sinachitike bwino pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa.
2 Kukonzekera kumanga ndi kukhazikitsa zipangizo zachilengedwe za nsangalabwi
2.1 kukwera kukonzekera
Choyamba, yang'anani kupatuka kwenikweni kwa kapangidwe kake molingana ndi zojambula zojambula, yang'anani flatness ofukula ya khoma lapansi, ndi chisel kapena kukonzanso zigawozo ndi kupatuka kwakukulu;chachiwiri, kuyeza kutalika kwenikweni kwa mzere wapakati pa ndime, komanso mzere wopingasa pakati pa chigawo chapamwamba ndi chapansi cha chigawocho, ndikudziwitsani ndondomeko ndi kukula kwa chipika cha veneer;
Pa mbali imodzi ya stair wainscot ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, mbaliyo iyenera kukhala yolimba poyamba, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, zipangizo zina zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera mwatsatanetsatane.Potsirizira pake, molingana ndi muyeso weniweni wa ndondomeko ndi kukula kwa khoma la khoma, m'lifupi mwa mgwirizano pakati pa mapepala okongoletsera amawerengedwa, ndipo makonzedwe a mbale amawerengedwa.Malinga ndi nambala yotsatirira, chojambula cha block ndi node chimajambulidwa, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko opangira ndi kuyitanitsa.
2.2 chithandizo cha unsembe pamwamba ndi kukhazikitsa ndi kusanja
Choyamba, maziko omanga kapena oyambira ayenera kukhala okhazikika komanso okhazikika kuti apangitse kuti pamwamba pake ikhale yosalala koma yovuta.Malo osalala ayamba kukhwinyazidwa, ndi kuya kwa 5-15mm ndikutalikirana kwa> 15mm.Pansi kapena pansi payenera kukhala ndi zotsalira monga matope, fumbi ndi madontho amafuta, omwe azipakidwa ndi waya wachitsulo ndikutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera.Pamene chipilalacho chikutidwa ndi nsangalabwi, mzere wapakati ndi mzere wopingasa wa chigawocho uyenera kulembedwa molingana ndi kukula kwa axis yomanga ngati datum.
2.3 kuyendera miyala ndi manambala
Pambuyo pa kutsegulidwa kwa phukusi la miyala, sankhani mosamalitsa mbale zokhala ndi mtundu womwewo ndi mafotokozedwe popanda kusowa m'mphepete ndi ngodya;ndiye kuchita msonkhano woyeserera malinga ndi kukula kwa kapangidwe, kuphimba lalikulu ndikupera m'mbali, fufuzani flatness, kuyeza perpendicularity m'mbali ndi ngodya, kupanga kukula kukwaniritsa zofunika kapangidwe, kulamulira kukula kwenikweni pambuyo inlaying, ndi kuonetsetsa yunifolomu m'lifupi ndi kutalika;kusintha kwa mtundu kuyenera kukhala kwachilengedwe, ndipo mtundu wa khoma lomwelo kapena facade uyenera kukhala yunifolomu.
Pogwirizanitsa machitidwe, yesetsani kupanga chapamwamba, chapansi, kumanzere ndi kumanja chosalala komanso chogwirizana, mawonekedwe ake ndi achilengedwe, ndipo chitsanzo chomwecho chiyenera kukhala chofanana, kuti chiphatikizidwe;pofananiza manambala, zigawo zoyikamo ziyenera kusankhidwa mosamalitsa, ndipo mbale zokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino ndi mtundu ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zazikulu za danga.
3 kusintha kwa zomangamanga za miyala ya marble
Ukadaulo wamwambo wa Dali mwala ndikupachika waya wotsogola wachitsulo pamunsi kenako ndikutsanulira matope.Njira imeneyi ndi yotopetsa, yovuta komanso yokwera mtengo.Mu uinjiniya, nthawi zambiri imayambitsa zovuta zamakhalidwe monga kusamata bwino komanso kusayenda bwino chifukwa cha kuwongolera kosayenera.
Ukadaulo wowongoleredwa ndiukadaulo watsopano womanga wotengera kuyamwa kwaukadaulo wapamwamba wakunja komanso zabwino zamaukadaulo azikhalidwe.Njira yokonzekera yomanga ndondomekoyi ndi yofanana ndi yachikhalidwe.Mfundo zina zaukadaulo ndi izi:
3.1 chithandizo cha gawo lapansi
Choyamba, nyowetsani gawo lapansi lotsukidwa ndi madzi, yala ndi pulasitala 1: 1 dongo la simenti, gwiritsani ntchito mchenga wouma kapena mchenga wapakati, ndikutsuka kumbuyo kwa mwala ndi madzi kuti muwonjezere mphamvu yomangira;
3.2 kubowola mbale
Gwiritsani ntchito kubowola kwamagetsi pobowola mabowo pa 1/4 mbali zonse za mbale, ndi dzenje lakuya 35-40mm ndi dzenje m'mimba mwake 6mm.Pamene mbale m'lifupi ndi ≤ 500mm, chiwerengero cha mabowo ndi 2;pamene mbale m'lifupi ndi> 500mm, chiwerengero cha mabowo ndi 3;
Pamene mbale m'lifupi kuposa 800mm, chiwerengero cha mabowo ndi 4. Kenako kubowola dzenje molunjika mbali zonse za mbale, dzenje malo ndi 100mm kuchokera m'munsi mapeto a mbale, dzenje m'mimba mwake ndi 6mm, dzenje kuya. ndi 35 ~ 40mm, m'litali ndi m'lifupi mabowo kumtunda ndi m'munsi owongoka ayenera kukhala osachepera 70cm ndi 30cm motero, ndi mtunda kuchokera m'mphepete mbale sayenera zosakwana 100cm, ndi slotting mawonekedwe ndi malo ndege zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1.

Pofuna kuti konkire yatsopano ndi yakale ikhale yogwirizana kwambiri, mawonekedwe otsekedwa amatsukidwa ndi kutsukidwa, ndipo konkire ya fiber ndi nthaka ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi kalasi imodzi, ndiko kuti, C35 super fine sand steel fiber konkire imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
3.3 kudzera m'ming'alu
Ambiri mwa ming'alu iyi ndi ming'alu yamalingaliro.Musanayambe kukonza, ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati maphunziro a subgrade ndi maziko ali okhazikika.Pokhapokha pamene maziko afika kukhazikika kokwanira akhoza kukonzedwa.
Maonekedwe a slotting nthawi zambiri amatengera polowera kapena kukonzanso bolodi lonse.Pambuyo poyesedwa mobwerezabwereza, chisel cha alloy chimagwiritsidwa ntchito podula poyambira kumbuyo ndi kuya kwa 6-8mm kukhazikitsa misomali yooneka ngati U.
3.3 kubowola matrix
Pambuyo pobowola, mbalezo zimayikidwa kwakanthawi molingana ndi momwe zimakhalira ndikutchingira gawo lapansi.Pamalo ofananirako a masanjidwewo okhala ndi mabowo apamwamba ndi otsika a mbale, gwiritsani ntchito kubowola kwamagetsi kuti mubowole mabowo omwe ali ndi mabowo ofanana ndi mbale, kupendekera kwa dzenje ndi 45 °, m'mimba mwake ndi 6mm, ndi kuya kwa dzenje ndi 40-50mm.
3.4 mbale unsembe ndi kukonza
3.4.1 molingana ndi mtunda wa dzenje pakati pa mbale ndi gawo lapansi, gwiritsani ntchito pliers kuti muyike zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ∪ misomali yokhala ndi mainchesi a 5mm, nsonga imodzi pabowo lowongoka la mbale, ndikumangirira ndi matabwa olimba;mbali inayi imayikidwa mu dzenje la gawo lapansi, ndipo mbaleyo imakhala yolunjika, yosalala komanso yotsegula pamwamba ndi pansi pa mbaleyo, ndikuwongolera ngati olowa ndi mbale yoyandikana nayo ndi yolimba, ndikumangirira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ∪ misomali.Kenako gwiritsani ntchito mpeni waukulu wa matabwa kuti mutseke pakati pa mbale ndi tsinde, ndikumakanitsa msomali wa U.
3.4.2 konzani malo a mbale molondola, ikonzeni kwakanthawi kaye, kenaka muyike mu zigawo, popanda kukhudza matope asanakhazikitsidwe.
4 Kuwongolera kwabwino kwamavuto omwe wamba pakupanga miyala yamwala yachilengedwe
4.1 Kuwongolera kwabwino kwa kubowola ndi kugwa kwa miyala ya nsangalabwi
Ganizirani mosamala mbali yomwe ili pamwamba ya nsangalabwi yakunja yoyang'ana kuti muwonetsetse kuti mazikowo salowa m'madzi, makamaka opingasa.Pokonzekera, chivundikiro cha mvula chidzawonjezeredwa kumtunda momwe zingathere kuti zisawonongeke mwachindunji ku mvula ndi dzuwa, ndikufupikitsa moyo wautumiki;zida zamwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana kunja zidzakhala matabwa okhala ndi khalidwe loyera, zonyansa zochepa, kuchepa kwa nyengo ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri.
4.2 kuwongolera kwabwino kwa olowa mosagwirizana komanso mawonekedwe osasalala a bolodi
Pangani malamulo odulira mizere panjira yoyambira, ndikuwagawa m'malo osungiramo zinthu ndi ma gridi, tulutsani mzere wapakati ndi mzere wopingasa pamtunda waukulu, ndikutulutsa mzere wa khoma la nsangalabwi;fufuzani flatness wa m'munsi Inde unsembe, tchizi kapena kukonza kupatuka waukulu, kuti mtunda pakati pa m'munsi Inde pamwamba ndi mbale pamwamba si zosakwana 50 mm, ndi kuyeretsa izo, kuthirira bwino;sankhani mbale yosowa m'mphepete, ngodya, ming'alu ndi kuipitsidwa kwanuko ndi kusinthika pasadakhale, ndikuchita kuyendera komwe kuli zisa.
Ma mbale okhala ndi mawonekedwe opotoka ayenera kupukutidwa ndi kukonzedwa;msonkhano woyeserera uyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi mzere wodumphadumpha ndi kutalika kwa khoma, mtunduwo udzasinthidwa bwino ndipo mawonekedwewo adzasinthidwa kuti mawonekedwe apamwamba ndi apansi kumanzere ndi kumanja pakati pa mbale azikhala osalala ndipo mtunduwo umagwirizana. ;kumata njira adzakhala anatengera kwa mbale yaing'ono-kakulidwe, ndi olimba unsembe ndondomeko adzakhala anatengera pamene kutalika kwa mbale zazikulu kakulidwe kapena inlays kuposa 1m;gypsum slurry atakhazikika, 1: 2.5 matope a simenti adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zosanjikiza, ndipo grouting iliyonse iyenera kuchitidwa Kutalika sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu.Apo ayi, n'zosavuta kuti bolodi likule ndikutuluka, zomwe zimakhudza flatness ya kuyang'ana
4.3 Kuwongolera kwabwino kwa khoma la nsangalabwi
Kusiyana pakati pa mbale sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 0.5 ~ 1mm, kuti kuwonetsetse kuti kutsekedwa kolimba, kusungunuka kwathunthu komanso opanda zilema monga ming'alu, kusowa m'mphepete ndi kugwa kwa ngodya, kuti muteteze kuukira kwa gasi wowononga ndi mpweya wonyowa ndi dzimbiri zazitsulo zophatikizidwa, zomwe zingayambitse mbale kusweka;
Pamene inlaying nsangalabwi veneer padziko katundu katundu zigawo zikuluzikulu monga khoma mzati, izo zidzachitika pambuyo dongosolo kuthetsa ndi khola.Mukayika miyala ya marble pamwamba ndi pansi, kusiyana kwina kudzasiyidwa kuti zitsulo zisaphwanyike ndi kusweka chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwachindunji kwa kuponderezedwa kwapangidwe.
4.4 Kuwongolera kwabwino kwa kuwonongeka kwa kugunda kwa nsangalabwi
Pali kusiyana kwina ndi luso lopaka utoto pakati pa miyala ya marble ku Dali, yomwe idzalowerere ndi kuyamwa ngati pali madzi amtundu, ndipo pamwamba pa nsangalabwi sidzachotsedwa mosavuta pambuyo poipitsidwa.
Choncho, poyendetsa ndi kusungirako, chowala cha nsangalabwi chowala sichiyenera kumangidwa ndi chingwe cha udzu ndi mthunzi wa udzu.Pokonzekera kutetezedwa kwazinthu zomalizidwa, sikoyenera kuyika zoyikapo zamitundu kuti ziteteze zomwe zamalizidwa, kuti zipewe kuipitsidwa ndi madzi achikuda atathiridwa ndi madzi.
Panthawi yomanga grouting, zolumikizira ziyenera kukhala zowongoka komanso zolimba, ndipo zolumikizanazo zidzadzazidwa ndi silika wa hemp kapena kudzazidwa ndi phulusa la mpeni wa hemp kuteteza kutayikira kwa matope pamalumikizidwe kuti zisawonongeke;nsangalabwi ndi wosakhwima, choncho ayenera kutetezedwa mosamala pa stacking ndi kusamalira.
Chovala cha nsangalabwi chikanyamulidwa chokwera, ngodya yakutsogolo kapena ngodya imodzi siyenera kutera poyamba, kuti zisawononge kuwonongeka kwa ngodya yakutsogolo kuti zisakhudze kulimba kwa mgwirizanowo.Ma mbale akulu akulu sayenera kunyamulidwa mopingasa, apo ayi, kuwonongeka kobisika kapena kusweka kwa cholumikizira chobisika ndi theka kudzera mumtundu wamtundu zitha kukulirakulira chifukwa chakukula kwa mphindi yopindika chifukwa cha kulemera kwa mwala;
Pambuyo poyika miyala ya marble, chitetezo cha malo omangapo chiyenera kuchitidwa mosamala.Makona amkati a zitseko, mazenera ndi mazenera ayenera kukhala omangidwa mwamphamvu ndi matabwa, ndipo makomawo ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu ya pulasitiki ya mbale zamatabwa.Pamene masitepe aikidwa, ayenera kutetezedwa ndi matabwa pa sitepe iliyonse