Muva nje, i-China ne-Iran basayine ngokusemthethweni isivumelwano sokusebenzisana esihlanganisa iminyaka engama-25, okuhlanganisa ukubambisana kwezomnotho.

I-Iran isenkabeni ye-Western Asia, eduze nePersian Gulf eningizimu noLwandle lweCaspian enyakatho.Isikhundla sayo esibalulekile se-geo, imithombo kawoyela negesi ecebile kanye namagugu omlando, ezenkolo namasiko anquma isimo sawo esibalulekile samandla eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nesifunda saseGulf.
I-Iran inezinkathi ezine ezihlukene.Enyakatho kuyabanda ehlobo futhi kubanda ebusika, kanti eningizimu kuyashisa ehlobo futhi kufudumele ebusika.Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu e-Tehran lingoJulayi, kanti izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe elincane neliphezulu lingu-22 ℃ no-37 ℃ ngokulandelanayo;izinga lokushisa elincane lingoMasingana, kanti izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe elincane neliphezulu lingu-3 ℃ no-7 ℃ ngokulandelanayo.

Ngokusho kwenhlangano yokuhlola nokuthuthuka kwe-geological of Iran, njengamanje, i-Iran ifakazele izinhlobo ezingama-68 zamaminerali, ezinezinqolobane ezifakazelwe ezingamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-37, ezibalelwa ku-7% wezindawo ezigcina umhlaba wonke, ezikleliswe endaweni ye-15 emhlabeni, futhi zinamaminerali angaba khona. izinqolobane ezingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-57.Phakathi kwamaminerali afakazelwe, izinqolobane ze-zinc ore zingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-230, ezibekwe kuqala emhlabeni;izinqolobane zethusi zingamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.6, okubalelwa ku-4% yenani eliphelele emhlabeni, elikleliswe endaweni yesithathu emhlabeni;kanye nemithombo yensimbi engamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4,7, ikleliswe endaweni yeshumi emhlabeni.Eminye imikhiqizo emikhulu yezimbiwa efakazelwe ihlanganisa: I-Limestone (amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.2), itshe lokuhlobisa (amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3), itshe lokwakha (amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.8), i-feldspar (amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1), ne-perlite (amathani ayizigidi ezingu-17.5).Phakathi kwazo, ithusi, i-zinc kanye ne-chromite zonke ziyizinsimbi ezinothile ezinenani eliphakeme lezimayini, ezinamamaki afinyelela ku-8%, 12% kanye nama-45% ngokulandelana.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Iran nayo inezinqolobane zamaminerali ezifana negolide, i-cobalt, i-strontium, i-molybdenum, i-boron, i-kaolin, i-mottle, i-fluorine, i-dolomite, i-mica, i-diatomite ne-barite.

Ngokuhambisana nohlelo lwesihlanu lwentuthuko kanye nombono ka-2025, uhulumeni wase-Irani ukhuthaze ngamandla ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemboni yezokwakha ngamaphrojekthi angasese ukuze kuqinisekiswe intuthuko esimeme.Ngakho-ke, izoqhuba isidingo esinamandla samatshe, amathuluzi amatshe nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokwakha.Njengamanje, inezitshalo zokucubungula amatshe ezingaba ngu-2000 kanye nenani elikhulu lezimayini.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani eziningi ezifuywayo nezangaphandle zihlanganyela ekuhwebeni kwemishini yamatshe nemishini.Ngenxa yalokho, inani lokuqashwa kwemboni yamatshe yase-Iran lilinganiselwa ku-100000, okubonisa indima ebalulekile yemboni yamatshe emnothweni wase-Iran.

Isifundazwe sase-Isfahan, esimaphakathi nezwe lase-Iran, siyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yamatshe amaminerali nokucubungula e-Iran.Ngokwezibalo, kunezitshalo zokucubungula amatshe eziyi-1650 kuphela ezungeze inhloko-dolobha yase-Isfahan.Eminyakeni yamuva, amabhizinisi amaningi ase-Iranian amatshe azibophezele ekuthuthukiseni imigqa yokukhiqiza ejulile yamatshe, ngakho isidingo sokumbiwa kwamatshe kanye nemishini yokucubungula kanye namathuluzi sikhula ngokushesha.Njengesizinda sezimayini zamatshe esibaluleke kakhulu kanye nokucubungula e-Iran, i-Isfahan inesidingo esigxile kakhulu semishini yamatshe namathuluzi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe yamatshe e-Iran
Mayelana namatshe, i-Iran iyizwe lamatshe elaziwayo, elinomphumela wamatshe okuhlobisa ahlukahlukene afinyelela amathani ayizigidi eziyi-10, akleliswe endaweni yesithathu emhlabeni.Ngo-2003, emhlabeni wonke kwambiwa amathani ayizigidi ezingu-81.4 zamatshe okuhlobisa.Phakathi kwazo, i-Iran ikhiqize amathani ayizigidi eziyishumi zamatshe okuhlobisa, okuwumkhiqizi omkhulu wamatshe okuhlobisa emhlabeni ngemuva kweChina neNdiya.Imithombo yamatshe yase-Iran inamandla amakhulu emhlabeni.Kunezimboni ezingaphezu kuka-5000 zokucubungula amatshe, izimayini ze-1200 kanye nezimayini ezingaphezu kuka-900 e-Iran.

Ngokuphathelene nezinsiza zamatshe zase-Iran, zingama-25% kuphela azo athuthukisiwe, kanti ama-75% azo awakathuthukiswa.Ngokukamagazini i-Iran Stone, kunezimayini zamatshe ezingaba ngu-1000 kanye nezimboni ezingaphezu kuka-5000 zokucubungula amatshe e-Iran.Kunezimayini zamatshe ezingaphezu kuka-500 ngaphansi kwezimayini, ezinamandla okumba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-9.Nakuba kusungulwe okusha embonini yokucubungula amatshe kusukela ngo-1990, izimboni eziningi e-Iran azinayo imishini yokucubungula ethuthukisiwe futhi zisasebenzisa imishini yakudala.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, lezi zimboni kancane kancane zithuthukisa imishini yazo, futhi izitshalo ezilungisa izinto ezingaba yi-100 zitshala izigidi ezingu-200 zamadola aseMelika ukuze zithuthukise imishini yazo yokucubungula njalo ngonyaka.I-Iran ingenisa inqwaba yemishini yokucubungula amatshe evela phesheya minyaka yonke, futhi ithenga kuphela amathuluzi e-Italy ngemali elinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-24 zama-euro njalo ngonyaka.Imboni yamatshe yaseShayina yaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni.I-Iran iyithuba elihle lamabhizinisi amatshe aseChina ukuhlola imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuphathwa kwezimayini kanye nenqubomgomo e-Iran
Izimboni nezimayini zase-Iran zingaphansi kwamandla oMnyango Wezimboni, ezezimayini nohwebo.Izinhlangano ezingaphansi kwayo kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zikahulumeni zihlanganisa: Inhlangano Yokuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni Nokuvuselela (i-Idro), iNhlangano yokuthuthukiswa kwezimbiwa nezimayini nokuvuselela kabusha (imidro), amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo kanye namapaki ezimboni (isipo), i-Trade Promotion Centre (TPO), inkampani yemibukiso yamazwe ngamazwe, izimboni, izimayini kanye ne-Agricultural Chamber of Commerce (ICCIM), i-National Copper Corporation kanye ne-National Aluminium Corporation Company, i-Mubarak steel works, iqembu lemboni yezimoto yase-Iran, Inkampani ye-Iran Industrial Park kanye nenkampani kagwayi yase-Iran, njll.
[inqubo yokutshala izimali] ngokomthetho wase-Iran ekugqugquzeleni nasekuvikeleni ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe, ukufinyelela kwezimali zakwamanye amazwe emisebenzini yokwakha nokukhiqiza embonini, ezimayini, ezolimo kanye nezimboni zezinsizakalo kumele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zeminye imithetho nemithethonqubo yamanje yase-Iran. , futhi uhlangabezane nemibandela elandelayo:
(1) Kuhambisana nokukhula komnotho, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, amathuba omsebenzi, ukukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe.
(2) Angeke ibeke engcupheni ukuphepha kwezwe kanye nezithakazelo zomphakathi, ichithe indawo ezungezile, iphazamise umnotho kazwelonke noma ivimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zokutshalwa kwezimali zasekhaya.
(3) Uhulumeni akabaniki abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe imvume, okuzokwenza abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe baphathe abatshalizimali basekhaya.
(4) Ingxenye yenani lezinsizakalo zokukhiqiza kanye nemikhiqizo ehlinzekwa ngemali yakwamanye amazwe ngeke idlule u-25% yenani lezinsizakalo zokukhiqiza nemikhiqizo ehlinzekwa iminyango yezomnotho yasekhaya kanye nama-35% yenani lezinsizakalo zokukhiqiza kanye nemikhiqizo ehlinzekwa yizimboni zasekhaya. lapho imali yakwamanye amazwe ithola ilayisense yokutshala imali.
[izindawo ezingavunyelwe] Umthetho wase-Iran wokukhuthaza nokuvikelwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe awukuvumeli ubunikazi banoma yiluphi uhlobo nenani lomhlaba egameni labatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe.

Ukuhlaziywa kwendawo yokutshala imali yase-Iran
Izici ezivumayo:
1. Indawo yokutshala imali ivamise ukuvuleka.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhulumeni wase-Iran uye wakhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwebhizinisi elizimele, wathuthukisa imboni yakhe kawoyela negesi nezinye izimboni, wazinikela ekubuyiseleni nasekuvuseleleni umnotho wezwe, kancane kancane wasebenzisa inqubomgomo yokuvula okusesilinganisweni, wakhanga ngamandla ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe futhi wakhanga kakhulu. yethula ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile bakwamanye amazwe kanye nemishini.
2. Imithombo yamaminerali enothile kanye nezinzuzo ezisobala zendawo.I-Iran inezinqolobane ezinkulu nezinhlobo ezicebile zezimbiwa phansi, kodwa amandla ayo okumba izimayini ahlehle kakhulu.Uhulumeni ukhuthaza amabhizinisi axhaswe ngemali yangaphandle ukuthi abambe iqhaza ekuhloleni nasekuthuthukisweni, futhi imboni yezimayini inomfutho omuhle wentuthuko.
3. Ubudlelwano bezomnotho nezokuhwebelana phakathi kweChina ne-Iran buyakhula njalo.Ubudlelwano obukhulayo bezomnotho nezokuhwebelana phakathi kwala mazwe amabili sebubeke isisekelo esiqinile sokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nentuthuko yezimayini.
Izici ezingezinhle:
1. Indawo yezomthetho ikhethekile.Ngemva kokunqoba kwenguquko yamaSulumane e-Iran, imithetho yokuqala yabuyekezwa ngezinga elikhulu, ngombala oqinile wenkolo.Incazelo yemithetho iyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu, ayihambisani nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi ngokuvamile iyashintsha.
2. Ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sabasebenzi akufani.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinga labasebenzi base-Iran liye laba ngcono kakhulu, kanti nezinsiza zabasebenzi ziningi, kodwa ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi ephezulu kuyinkinga enkulu.
3. Khetha indawo efanelekile yokutshala imali futhi uhlaziye izinqubomgomo ezikhethwayo.Ukuze kuhehe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe, uhulumeni wase-Iran ubuyekeze futhi wamemezela “umthetho omusha wokukhuthaza nokuvikela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe”.Ngokomthetho, amasheya enhloko-dolobha yakwamanye amazwe ekutshalweni kwezimali kwe-Iran akunamkhawulo, afinyelela ku-100%.