Kutshanje, i-China kunye ne-Iran batyikitye ngokusemthethweni isivumelwano sentsebenziswano esibanzi seminyaka engama-25, kubandakanya intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho.

I-Iran isembindini weNtshona ye-Asiya, ikufuphi nePersian Gulf eMzantsi kunye noLwandle lweCaspian emantla.Indawo yayo ebalulekileyo ye-geo strategic, i-oyile etyebileyo kunye nemithombo yegesi kunye nembali, ifa lezenkolo kunye nenkcubeko imisela isimo sayo samandla abalulekileyo kuMbindi Mpuma kunye nommandla weGulf.
I-Iran inamaxesha amane ahlukeneyo onyaka.Umntla uyabanda ehlotyeni kwaye ebusika kuyabanda, ngelixa emazantsi kushushu ehlotyeni kwaye kushushu ebusika.Elona qondo lobushushu liphezulu eTehran ngoJulayi, kwaye ubuncinci bomndilili kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngama-22 ℃ kunye nama-37 ℃ ngokulandelelanayo;elona qondo lobushushu liphantsi ngoJanyuwari, kunye ne-avareji encinci kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu yi-3 ℃ kunye ne-7 ℃ ngokulandelelanayo.

Ngokwe-geological exploration kunye nophuhliso lwentlangano ye-Iran, okwangoku, i-Iran ibonakalise iindidi ezingama-68 zezimbiwa, ezinogcino oluqinisekisiweyo lweetoni ezingama-37 eebhiliyoni, ezibalelwa kwi-7% yogcino lwehlabathi, indawo ye-15 kwihlabathi, kwaye inezimbiwa ezinokubakho. oovimba abangaphezu kwama-57 eebhiliyoni zeetoni.Phakathi kwamaminerali aqinisekisiweyo, oovimba be-zinc ore yi-230 yezigidi zeetoni, ezibekwe kuqala kwihlabathi;oovimba bentsimbi ekrwada yobhedu baziitoni ezibhiliyoni ezi-2.6, ezibalelwa malunga ne-4% yoovimba bebonke ehlabathini, bekwindawo yesithathu ehlabathini;kwaye oovimba bentsimbi baziitoni ezibhiliyoni ezi-4.7, bekwindawo yeshumi kwihlabathi.Ezinye iimveliso zezimbiwa eziphambili eziqinisekisiweyo ziquka: Ikalika (7.2 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni), ilitye lokuhombisa (iitoni ezibhiliyoni ezi-3), ilitye lokwakha (iitoni ezibhiliyoni ezi-3.8), i-feldspar (iitoni ezisisigidi esi-1), kunye ne-perlite (i-17.5 yezigidi zeetoni).Phakathi kwazo, i-copper, i-zinc kunye ne-chromite zonke zi-ores ezityebileyo ezinexabiso eliphezulu lemigodi, kunye namabanga aphezulu njenge-8%, i-12% kunye ne-45% ngokulandelanayo.Ukongeza, i-Iran ikwanezimbiwa ezigciniweyo ezifana negolide, i-cobalt, i-strontium, i-molybdenum, i-boron, i-kaolin, i-mottle, i-fluorine, i-dolomite, i-mica, i-diatomite kunye ne-barite.

Ngokuhambelana nesicwangciso sophuhliso lwesihlanu kunye nombono we-2025, urhulumente wase-Iranian uye wakhuthaza ngamandla uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini lokwakha ngeeprojekthi zabucala ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.Ke ngoko, iya kuqhuba imfuno eyomeleleyo yamatye, izixhobo zamatye kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zezinto zokwakha.Okwangoku, inezityalo ezimalunga ne-2000 zokulungisa amatye kunye nenani elikhulu lemigodi.Ukongeza, iinkampani ezininzi zasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle zibandakanyeka kurhwebo loomatshini bamatye kunye nezixhobo.Ngenxa yoko, ukuqeshwa ngokupheleleyo kweshishini lamatye e-Iran kuqikelelwa ukuba lifikelele kwi-100000, ebonisa indima ebalulekileyo yoshishino lwamatye kuqoqosho lwase-Iran.

IPhondo lase-Isfahan, elikumbindi we-Iran, lelona litye libalulekileyo leminerali kunye nesiseko sokusebenza eIran.Ngokwezibalo, kukho i-1650 yezityalo zokulungisa amatye kuphela ezijikeleze isixeko esikhulu sase-Isfahan.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngakumbi nangakumbi amashishini amatye ase-Iranian azibophelele ekuphuhliseni imigca yemveliso enzulu yamatye, ngoko ke imfuno yokumbiwa kwamatye kunye noomatshini bokulungisa kunye nezixhobo zonyuka ngokukhawuleza.Njengeyona ndawo ibalulekileyo yokwembiwa kwamatye kunye nesiseko sokusebenza eIran, i-Isfahan inemfuno egxininisiweyo yoomatshini bamatye kunye nezixhobo.

Uhlalutyo lwemarike yamatye e-Iran
Ngokumalunga nelitye, i-Iran lilizwe elaziwayo lamatye, kunye nemveliso yamatye ahlukeneyo okuhlobisa afikelela kwi-10 yezigidi zeetoni, ebeka indawo yesithathu kwihlabathi.Ngo-2003, i-81.4 yezigidi zeetoni zamatye okuhombisa zembiwa ehlabathini.Phakathi kwabo, i-Iran yavelisa i-10 yezigidi zeetoni zamatye okuhombisa, eyona nto ivelisa amatye okuhlobisa emhlabeni emva kweChina neIndiya.Izixhobo zamatye zase-Iran zinamandla amakhulu emhlabeni.Kukho ngaphezu kwe-5000 yezityalo zokulungisa amatye, imigodi ye-1200 kunye nemigodi engaphezu kwe-900 e-Iran.

Ngokubhekiselele kwimithombo yamatye yase-Iran, kuphela i-25% yazo iphuhlisiwe, kwaye i-75% yazo ayizange iphuhliswe.Ngokutsho kwephephancwadi i-Iran Stone, kukho malunga ne-1000 yemigodi yamatye kunye nangaphezulu kwe-5000 yeefektri zokulungisa amatye e-Iran.Kukho ngaphezu kwe-500 imigodi yamatye phantsi kwemigodi, kunye nomthamo wemigodi ye-9 yezigidi zeetoni.Nangona uhlaziyo olukhulu lwenzekile kumzi mveliso wamatye ukusukela ngo-1990, iifektri ezininzi e-Iran azinazo izixhobo zokuqhubela phambili kwaye zisasebenzisa izixhobo ezindala.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezi mizi-mveliso ngokuthe ngcembe ziphucula izixhobo zazo, kwaye malunga ne-100 yezityalo ezilungisayo zityala imali ezizigidi ezingama-200 zeedola zaseMelika ukuphucula izixhobo zabo zokusetyenzwa rhoqo ngonyaka.I-Iran ingenisa inani elikhulu lezixhobo zokulungisa amatye ukusuka phesheya minyaka le, kwaye ithenga kuphela izixhobo ezivela e-Itali malunga ne-24 yezigidi zeeyuro minyaka le.Ishishini lamatye laseTshayina laziwa kakhulu kwihlabathi.I-Iran lithuba elihle kumashishini amatye aseTshayina ukuba ahlolisise imarike yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ulawulo lwezemigodi kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo e-Iran
Umzi-mveliso wase-Iran kunye noshishino lwezemigodi luphantsi kolawulo loMphathiswa wezoShishino, ezemigodi norhwebo.Imibutho ephantsi kwayo kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zikarhulumente zibandakanya: uPhuhliso lwezoShishino kunye nokuvuselela uMbutho (i-Idro), uphuhliso lwezimbiwa kunye nokuphuhliswa kwemigodi kunye nokuvuselela uMbutho (imidro), amashishini amancinci naphakathi kunye neepaki zoshishino (isipo), iZiko lokuKhuthaza uRhwebo (TPO), Inkampani yemiboniso yamazwe ngamazwe, i-industrial, i-mining and Agricultural Chamber of Commerce (ICCIM), i-Copper Corporation yesizwe kunye ne-National Aluminium Corporation Company, i-Mubarak yensimbi isebenza, iqela le-automotive industry yase-Iran, i-Iran Industrial Park Company kunye nenkampani yecuba yase-Iran, njl.
[iikhrayitheriya zotyalo-mali] ngokomthetho we-Iran ekukhuthazeni nasekukhuseleni utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, ukufikelela kwinkunzi yangaphandle kwimisebenzi yokwakha kunye nemveliso kushishino, imigodi, ezolimo kunye namashishini eenkonzo kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno zeminye imithetho yangoku kunye nemimiselo ye-Iran. , kwaye uhlangabezane nale miqathango ilandelayo:
(1) Ilungele ukukhula koqoqosho, uphuhliso lobugcisa, ukuphuculwa komgangatho wemveliso, amathuba engqesho, ukukhula korhwebo kumazwe angaphandle kunye nophuhliso lwemarike yamazwe ngamazwe.
(2) Ayiyi kubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lwesizwe kunye nomdla woluntu, itshabalalise indalo esingqongileyo, iphazamise uqoqosho lwesizwe okanye ithintele uphuhliso loshishino lotyalo-mali lwangaphakathi.
(3) Urhulumente akabaniki abatyali-zimali bamanye amazwe ilungelo lokuthengisa, nto leyo eya kwenza abatyali-zimali bangaphandle balawule abatyali-zimali basekhaya.
(4) Umyinge wexabiso leenkonzo zemveliso kunye neemveliso ezibonelelwa ngamashishini angaphandle aziyi kudlula i-25% yexabiso leenkonzo zemveliso kunye neemveliso ezibonelelwa ngamasebe oqoqosho lwangaphakathi kunye nama-35% exabiso leenkonzo zemveliso kunye neemveliso ezibonelelwa ngamashishini asekhaya. xa inkunzi yangaphandle ifumana ilayisenisi yotyalo-mali.
[iindawo ezithintelweyo] Umthetho wase-Iran wokukhuthaza kunye nokukhuselwa kotyalo-mali lwangaphandle awuvumeli ubunini balo naluphi na uhlobo kunye nobungakanani bomhlaba egameni labatyali-mali bangaphandle.

Uhlalutyo lwemeko yotyalo-mali lwase-Iran
Imiba evumayo:
1. Indawo yotyalo-mali ithande ukuvuleka.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente wase-Iranian uye wakhuthaza uhlaziyo lwe-privatization, waphuhlisa ishishini le-oyile kunye negesi yegesi kunye namanye amashishini, wazinikela ekubuyiseleni nasekuvuseleleni uqoqosho lwesizwe, ngokuthe ngcembe waphunyezwa umgaqo-nkqubo wokuvula okuphakathi, watsala ngamandla utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kunye nokugcina imali. yazisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bangaphandle kunye nezixhobo.
2. Ubutyebi bezimbiwa ezityebileyo kunye neenzuzo ezicacileyo ngokwejografi.I-Iran inoovimba abakhulu kunye neentlobo ezityebileyo zemithombo yezimbiwa, kodwa umthamo wayo wemigodi usemva.Urhulumente uyawakhuthaza amashishini afumana inkxaso-mali kumazwe angaphandle ukuba athathe inxaxheba kuphononongo nophuhliso, kwaye ishishini lezemigodi linomgama omhle wophuhliso.
3. Ubudlelwane bezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo phakathi kweChina ne-Iran bukhula rhoqo.Ukukhula kobudlelwane boqoqosho norhwebo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini kwenze isiseko esiluqilima sotyalo-mali nophuhliso lwemigodi.
Imiba engalunganga:
1. Ubume bomthetho bukhethekile.Emva koloyiso lwenguquko yamaSilamsi e-Iran, imithetho yantlandlolo yahlaziywa kakhulu, ngombala oqinileyo wenkolo.Indlela echazwa ngayo imithetho iyahluka kumntu nomntu, ingavisisani nemilinganiselo yamazwe ngamazwe, yaye ngokufuthi iyatshintsha.
2. Ubonelelo kunye nemfuno yabasebenzi ayihambelani.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umgangatho wabasebenzi base-Iran uphucuke kakhulu, kwaye izibonelelo zabasebenzi zininzi, kodwa intswela-ngqesho ephezulu yeyona ngxaki.
3. Khetha indawo efanelekileyo yotyalo-mali kwaye uhlalutye ngokucacileyo imigaqo-nkqubo ekhethwayo.Ukuze kutsalwe utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, urhulumente wase-Iranian uye wahlaziya waza wabhengeza “umthetho wokukhuthaza nokukhusela utyalo-mali lwangaphandle” omtsha.Ngokomthetho, izabelo zamazwe angaphandle kutyalo-mali lwase-Iran azinamda, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100%.